Wave Dynamics GuidesBS 5228 Explained: Construction Noise and Vibration
How BS 5228 Parts 1 and 2 are used to set construction noise thresholds, the ABC method, vibration guidance and best practicable means.
In Short
BS 5228 is the code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites. Part 1 covers noise, including the ABC method used to set threshold levels at nearby homes. Part 2 covers vibration, including guidance on human response and building damage.
- Part 1: noise prediction, control and the ABC method for significance thresholds.
- Part 2: vibration, with PPV guidance for people and for buildings.
- Based on best practicable means to minimise noise and vibration.
- Often referenced in planning conditions, CEMPs and EIAR chapters.
Part 1: Construction Noise
Part 1 gives source data for typical plant, a calculation method and guidance on controlling noise through equipment choice, screening, working hours and communication with neighbours. Its Annex E sets out ways of judging significance, including the ABC method.
The ABC Method
The ABC method uses the existing ambient noise level at a receptor, rounded to the nearest 5 dB, to choose a threshold category. For daytime weekday working, the threshold values are 65, 70 and 75 dB LAeq for categories A, B and C. Lower thresholds apply in the evening, at weekends and at night. If construction noise exceeds the threshold, a significant effect may be identified and further mitigation considered.
Part 2: Construction Vibration
Part 2 deals with piling, compaction, demolition and other vibration sources. Vibration is described as peak particle velocity (PPV) in mm/s. As a guide, 0.3 mm/s may just be perceptible in homes, around 1 mm/s is likely to cause complaint where residents are given notice, and 10 mm/s is likely to be intolerable for more than a very brief exposure. Cosmetic damage thresholds for buildings come from BS 7385-2 and are much higher than levels people notice.
Putting BS 5228 into Practice
- Predict noise and vibration at the nearest receptors for each construction phase.
- Set limits and trigger levels in the CEMP or planning conditions.
- Use real-time noise and vibration monitoring with alerts.
- Keep neighbours informed, especially before piling or night work.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are typical construction working hours in Ireland?
Hours are set by the planning permission and the local authority. Common hours are 07:00 to 19:00 weekdays and 08:00 to 14:00 on Saturdays, but always check the conditions for the site.
Does BS 5228 set legal limits?
No. It is a code of practice. Limits come from planning conditions, which often use BS 5228 values.
This guide gives general information and is not a substitute for project-specific advice. Requirements change, so always check the current regulations, guidance and your planning conditions. Ask our team about your project.
Jon Maguire (BSc Hons MIOA) brings over 8 years of expertise in acoustic consultancy, specialising in environmental acoustics with a focus on 3D modelling, assessments, and detailed design for industrial, commercial, and energy projects. He has lead noise assessments for key clients while thriving in multidisciplinary environments. Jon’s diplomatic communication skills are ideal for stakeholder consultation.
Jack is a Field Engineer at Wave Dynamics, supporting the delivery of environmental monitoring and acoustic consultancy services through detailed on-site fieldwork. He has hands-on experience in noise monitoring, vibration monitoring, and dust monitoring across a variety of infrastructure, construction, and environmental projects. Jack is involved in the setup, operation, and maintenance of monitoring equipment, ensuring accurate data collection in line with relevant standards and project requirements. He works closely with consultants and project teams, providing reliable field support that underpins high-quality assessments and reporting.
Aidan is the Director for all U.K Operations and has worked in multiple industries including for clients in the UK and internationally operating in the residential, industry, healthcare, education, and construction sectors.
