Wave Dynamics GuidesAir Quality Impact Assessments Explained
What an air quality impact assessment covers, when it is needed for planning, the pollutants and standards used, and how dispersion modelling works.
In Short
An air quality impact assessment predicts how a development will change concentrations of pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter at nearby homes and habitats, and whether new residents will be exposed to poor air quality. Results are compared with legal air quality standards to judge significance.
- Key pollutants: NO2, PM10 and PM2.5, plus others for industrial sources.
- Sources include road traffic, energy plant, generators and industrial processes.
- Uses screening first, then detailed dispersion modelling where needed.
- Assessed against the air quality standards in force in Ireland or the UK.
When Is an Assessment Needed?
Assessments are typically needed for developments that significantly change traffic flows, include combustion plant such as boilers, CHP or standby generators, have industrial emissions, or bring new homes and schools into areas with poor air quality. They also form the air quality chapter of an EIAR.
Screening First
Most assessments start with a screening step to decide whether detailed work is needed. Traffic screening uses changes in vehicle numbers on local roads; plant screening uses stack details and emission rates. If a development screens out, a short qualitative assessment may be enough.
Dispersion Modelling
Where detailed assessment is needed, dispersion models such as ADMS or AERMOD predict how emissions spread under local weather conditions and terrain. Results are combined with background concentrations from monitoring networks to give total concentrations at each receptor.
Standards and Significance
In Ireland, limit values come from the Air Quality Standards Regulations implementing EU Directives, with the revised EU Ambient Air Quality Directive setting tighter values for 2030. In the UK, the Air Quality Standards Regulations and national objectives apply. Significance is judged using recognised guidance, such as IAQM and EPUK guidance for planning and TII guidance for roads.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do data centre generators need an air quality assessment?
Usually yes. Standby generators are tested regularly and can operate in emergencies, so their emissions are normally assessed, often with dispersion modelling.
Can Wave Dynamics carry out air quality monitoring too?
Yes. We provide baseline and construction air quality and dust monitoring alongside assessments.
This guide gives general information and is not a substitute for project-specific advice. Requirements change, so always check the current regulations, guidance and your planning conditions. Ask our team about your project.
Jon Maguire (BSc Hons MIOA) brings over 8 years of expertise in acoustic consultancy, specialising in environmental acoustics with a focus on 3D modelling, assessments, and detailed design for industrial, commercial, and energy projects. He has lead noise assessments for key clients while thriving in multidisciplinary environments. Jon’s diplomatic communication skills are ideal for stakeholder consultation.
Jack is a Field Engineer at Wave Dynamics, supporting the delivery of environmental monitoring and acoustic consultancy services through detailed on-site fieldwork. He has hands-on experience in noise monitoring, vibration monitoring, and dust monitoring across a variety of infrastructure, construction, and environmental projects. Jack is involved in the setup, operation, and maintenance of monitoring equipment, ensuring accurate data collection in line with relevant standards and project requirements. He works closely with consultants and project teams, providing reliable field support that underpins high-quality assessments and reporting.
Aidan is the Director for all U.K Operations and has worked in multiple industries including for clients in the UK and internationally operating in the residential, industry, healthcare, education, and construction sectors.
